Essay about Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption Should Be Legal

Same-sex marriage and adoption should be legal, it should be allowed in every state, everywhere. As of 2014, only 17 states have legalized marriage rights to same-sex couples. The other 34 states have banned gay marriage through law, constitutional amendments, or both. For example, the Pennsylvania Governor won’t challenge overturning of same-sex marriage ban. State Attorney General Kathleen Kane has also announced that she will not defend Pennsylvanias same-sex marriage ban because of what she believes is the unconstitutionality of this law. Marriage is a uniquely important institution. Despite all the changes in society, the commitment of two people to each other is still seen as special. As of 2014, 21.2% of adopted children are†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Rather gays and lesbians want to be able to declare their commitment in the same way as any couple who love each other enough to marry†(Wilson-Smith,4) Everyone should be allowed to do what they want an d be in the pursuit of happiness. Same sex couples should be able to freely adopt children. There are only 16 states that legally let gays adopt children. Statistics have proven that children grow up better living with two parents of the same sex rather than two of the opposite.(Pappas,1) Some people say that children need a mother and a father to raise children; to provide both viewpoints of gender: masculinity, femininity and all the issues those entail. However, there are many who believe that gender does not matter when parenting. Gay parents tend to be more motivated, more committed than heterosexual parents on average, because they chose to be parents, said Abbie Goldberg, a psychologist at Clark University in Massachusetts who researches gay and lesbian parenting.Over the years, the number of children living with LGBT parents has risen tremendously. In the article, Benefits of same sex marriage, it states that gay and lesbian couples create loving stable families, and many of them adopt children who otherwise have been deprived of love (Johnson,8). As the trend continues, that number will only increase, as same sex adoption and parenting becomes more and more widely accepted. The NLLFS reported that the teens of same sex couples had betterShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Is The Legal Union Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess FREE course materials and tests. Products ï‡ ³Home ï‡ ¶Research ï‡ µDrive ï‡ ´Answers About Company Legal Site Map Contact Advertise ï‡ º ï‡ ¼ ï‡ ½  ©2015 StudyMode.com Home Same-sex marriage Same Sex Marriage Same Sex Marriage Civil union, Homosexuality, Marriage By kwhite89 Mar 16, 2015 1510 Words 56 Views More info ï„” PDF View Text View PageRead MoreShould Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed to Adopt? Essays838 Words   |  4 Pageshopes of being normal, many same-sex couples want to have a family and for some the only option is adoption. Well, same-sex adoption is not legal in most places which makes this dream for some impossible. This caused controversy between same-sex couples and the general public who believes that same-sex adoption should remain illegal. Ultimately, same-sex adoption should be legal. The same-sex controversy is one of the many results from the slow process of gay marriage becoming legalized in variousRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1403 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage â€Å"I now pronounce you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At some point in a person’s life, they have heard or will hear those words. What follows, however, has changed somewhat over the years; although, the commitment has remained the same. Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreShould Homosexuals Be Allowed? Adopt?1512 Words   |  7 PagesTeirra Thomas Professor Parks ENG 101, Documented Research Paper 18 November 2014 Should Homosexuals be allowed to Adopt Did you know that Florida absolutely bans homosexuals to adopt children? Over a million people in the United States disagree on same sex marriage. If they disagree with same sex marriage what about when homosexuals want to adopt children. In my opinion it is great that homosexuals want to adopt children, because it is not about who they are being raised by. It is all about ifRead MoreSex Marriage And Same Sex Parental Adoption1482 Words   |  6 Pages2017 The topics of same-sex marriage and same-sex parental adoption have been controversial and ongoing topics in recent years, which is a drastic change in mainstream society. People of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LBGT) community have had a difficult time in gaining visibility and equal civil liberties, one of which is marriage equality. Same-sex couples have only recently been recognized under the law as legal candidates for marriage rights, and adoption is now an additionalRead MoreThe Equality of Marriage1021 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage Equality is legal action on marriage of same-gender couples. On the other hand, did you know that marriage equality has been discriminated and continues to be an issue amongst society all over the world? Many people oppose the issue while others fight to ensure equality. The homosexual community does not have the same access to rightful benefits equal to the way heterosexual couples do. Responsibilities and legal benefits are offer ed by marriage to protect the couples’ families. MarriageRead MoreLegal Issues For Gay And Lesbian Adoption And Parental Rights1626 Words   |  7 Pages Legal Issues for Gay and Lesbian Adoption and Parental Rights Issue Although adoption can be difficult for any single person or married couple, adoption for the gay and lesbian population presents a unique set of challenges both societal and legal. Whether constitutional or not, special rules apply to same gay and lesbian adoption. Under current legislation, is same sex adoption fully legal and how do the laws on the subject measure with regard to equality to adoption among heterosexualRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal All Over627 Words   |  3 Pages2013, a Gallup poll showed that 53% of Americans support same sex marriage (â€Å"Gay† 3). Same sex marriage has been legalized in 17 US States and the District of Columbia. 33 states have laws and or constitution amendments that ban the marriage of two people that share the same gender (5). Same sex marriage has been in a debate going on in our country for a while. By legalizing same sex marriage in all states, there will be an increase in adoptions, a financial increase and help the m ental and physicalRead MoreThe Same Sex Marriage Should Be Equal Rights1393 Words   |  6 Pagesdeclaration documents consider marriage and family as individuals or groups who are entitled to the protection of the government as human beings.† The US Supreme Court ruled by a 5-to-4 vote on Friday that constitution guarantees a right to homosexual marriage which based on the constitution to protect each person s own decision and equal rights, to determine the same sex and heterosexual couples should have equal marriage rights. Moreover, they advocated recognize same-sex marriage to protect the relationship

The Challenges Of The Great Depression - 1738 Words

Grace Wortmann Ms. Meier English II 24 February 2017 The Challenges of the Great Depression In other periods of depression, it has always been possible to see some things which were solid and upon which you could base hope, but as I look about, I now see nothing to give ground to hope-nothing of man stated Former President Calvin Coolidge during the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected almost everyone in the United States. People had to learn to live on less, and still enjoy life when they could. When the stock market crashed, people were forced to payback their loans that they used to buy stocks. Most people had to sell their belongings in order to get money for their debts. Some people even had to sell their cars and†¦show more content†¦Some people lost everything when their banks failed, which made them lose trust in the banks. Many people quickly became homeless and poverty-stricken. With no government aid to help them, people had to learn how to persevere through this tragic time on their own. Women played a significant role in the Great Depression . While men were out trying to find work, women stayed at home and tried their best to keep the home life as normal as possible. Keeping the home life normal proved to be a very difficult task. Women did their best, but in â€Å"1935–1936 the median family income was $1160, which translated into $20–25 a week to cover all their expenses, including food, shelter, clothing, and perhaps an occasional treat like going to the movies. Women â€Å"made do† by substituting their own labor for something that previously had been bought with cash or by practicing petty economies like buying day-old bread or warming several dishes in the oven to save gas† (Ware). Women had many ways of being frugal that were used during this time, like â€Å"instead of buying clothes or groceries, they sewed their own clothing, baked their own bread, and canned their own vegetables. Some women started home businesses such as laundries or boarding houses† (Appleby 345). Nothing went to waste when times got tough; everything had a use. With close to no â€Å"money for new clothes, inventive Americans found new uses for what they alreadyShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s during the Great Depression. Crook is a black American man who is excluded from activities and has to occupy a room in a stable, and he isRead MoreWorking Conditions During Late Nineteenth Century1494 Words   |  6 Pagesto Great Depression, 1920-1932 The Great Depression is a global financial crisis that affected developed nations in 1930. Although nations started experiencing its onsets towards the end of 1929, most developed countries felt its impacts in 1930. However, when it ended different countries experienced signs of recovery in the late 1930. Most importantly is the occurrence of Wall Street Crash that took place in 1929, where it was seen as the interchangeable term that used for Great Depression. ApparentlyRead MoreThe Struggle Of The 1920s1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe Struggle of the 1930s: What the Great Depression Did to America During the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, the United States underwent a series of changes that had a drastic effect on people across the nation. As the economy began to slow to a halt, millions of people were left broke and without jobs. As the country’s farmers were paralyzed with debt, food prices increased radically (McElvaine). During the mid-1930s, a series of droughts coupled with poor agricultural methods led to years ofRead MoreThe Great Depression : President s Franklin Roosevelt And Herbert Hoover1033 Words   |  5 PagesM†Lynne McMillan Morgan Ricks History 2223 31 March 2015 The Great Depression President s Franklin Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover were both faced with the challenge of the Great Depression, and if the were here today I feel they would each deal with the healthcare issue in America in different ways. Each president handled this massive challenge in very different ways. Today, a lot of controversy is on our nation’s health care, and the Obamacare Act. In my opinion, Roosevelt would more than likelyRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1221 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as the Great Depression. In 1933, when the economy was at its bleakest, FDR took office and during his Inaugural Address, promised the American people that he would take swift action in trying to fix the depression with his New Deal which was a series of programs that were enacted in the United States in order to try and save the economy. Overall, FDR’s presidency was one of the most important presidencies in the history of the United States. On October 29th, 1929, the Great Depression hit. SomeRead MoreThe Great Downfall By The 1920 S Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons why Canadians thought they were on the right track. Then came the great downfall, by which both rich and poor suffered. Many Canadians were shaken from their core. The Great Depression was known to be the most disastrous decade in Canadian history, coming unannounced, with impacts on political, economical, and social aspects. Considering the amount of hardship Canadians were going through during The Great Depression, it seemed as though the Liberal government was doing nothing to help withRead MoreAnalysis Of Ordinary People961 Words   |  4 Pagesdepressive disorder. Throughout the film, he shows symptoms of depression through challenges regulating sleep, depressed mood, thoughts of death and suicide, along with multiple other symptoms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or the DSM-V, lists the symptoms of depression as: depressed mood most of the time, reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities, challenges regulating appetite and weight, challenges regulating sleep, physical agitation or lethargy, having muchRead MoreThe Rise And Demise Of The Postwar Social Structure Of Accumulation By David M. Gordon Et1134 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of profit, a decrease in the level of investment, a reduction in the rate of growth in demand and output (Gordon et.al, 1996). The United S tates faced a demand side crisis during the Great Depression of 1930. These crises brought negative effects to the capitalist economy, some of these effects were challenges such as power and profits, social structures of accumulation, the postwar crisis, and barriers to the surplus-value production; to solve these crises, political efforts and investments neededRead MoreThe Administration Of President Franklin D. Roosevelt1469 Words   |  6 Pagespresidency, Roosevelt was faced with many challenges on a national and global scale. The first and certainly one of the most difficult challenges that this administration faced was the Great Depression, left over from late 1929. The Great Depression, and later the Second World War, resulted in political, social, and cultural changes throughout Roosevelt’s presidency, and throughout the country. Some of the main events that occurred as a result of The Great Depression and WWII, during Roosevelt’s administrationRead MoreDid th e Treaty of Versailles Promote Hitler to Power846 Words   |  4 Pagesreparations. These reparations are said to have caused economic challenges in Germany, which allowed Hitler to take control on nationalist fervor. Thus, the story goes, that the Treaty of Versailles made Hitler’s rise to power, and his starting of WWII, inevitable. However, this mode of explanation is a deeply flawed oversimplification. The Treaty of Versailles did not make WWII inevitable because the independent forces of the Great Depression and Japanese expansion also played key roles, and because nationalism

Review Reconceptualization Empirical Test -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Review Reconceptualization Empirical Test? Answer: Introducation In the case study, communication barriers were present. First, there was no proper communication medium between the two owners which led to lack of consensus as each took his position without talking or seeing each other. Secondly, Mr. Patel distracted the communication process by speaking in a low tone which made Thandeka not to understand the conversation (Quintanilla and Wahl 2015). Thirdly, Mr. Patel failed to issue his message wholesomely in a manner that could be understood by the employees regarding stating his reasons for the change of routes. At the same time, the barrier of difference in perception was evident, where Mr. Lewane failed to recognize religious differences thus failing to observe the Friday prayers for the Muslims and ending up firing Josef Khalifa (Ferraro and Briody, 2017). Lack of interest as a barrier was evident in the reaction by the drivers who saw the communication business process as oppressive and kept shouting thus distorting the process. Channels of communication Face to face communication- the process involves speaking with one another on a physical basis where a message is interpreted as the other speaks (Men, L.R., 2014). The mode is present in the case study as seen where Mr. Patel talks to the truck drivers on a face to face meeting. At the same time, a downward communication system is used in the organization where the authority flows from the top management directly to the lower level employees. Horizontal communication is equally evident in the case where one of the drivers speaks to the colleagues regarding the message being delivered by Mr. Patel (Miller and Barbour, 2014). Broadcast Media The media involves radio, tv and others meant for reaching the mass audience. nvolves the writing of emails from one person to another to transfer and receive feedback on messages. It is an efficient method which is less personal. Written communication refers to the state where individuals within an organization write letters, notices, memos, or notices to recipients who channel the feedback through respective means. Non-verbal Codes and Examples from Case Kinesics- refers to body movements, gestures, postures, eye contact, and facial expressions in a communication process. Proxemics- refers to the use of physical distance from one person to another Physical appearance- refers to the hair and clothing types Haptics- refers to the duration, placement, and strength of touch Environment- refers to the structures of physical features in a surrounding The video displayed the wide use of kinesics where the people in the office used eye contact whenever the speaker was talking. On the other hand, the use of facial expression was evident in the case of the guy being fired which displayed a surprise or disbelief (Burgoon, Guerrero and Floyd, 2016). At the same time, the use of proxemics was evident in the case where the two men talking drew closer thus indicating marketing emotions in the conversation. Moreover, the video used the environment to display the surrounding which explained an office setup. Diversity refers to the condition of having a differing composition of elements in a given environment. The three layers of diversity include cultural, demographic, and the individual diversity. Cultural diversity is present in the scenario through the distinct way which Jana expresses herself in dressing and the tattoos. Individual diversity is present in the case as depicted by the manner in which Jana acts shy and dissociates herself from the rest of the people as opposed to all other people who previously worked in the same organization (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel, and Roy, 2014). Her ideology seems to differ with the rest including that of the employer in the workplace. Cultural diversity is equally present based on the way Jana behaves similarly to those coming from her home area who at the same time can be recognized through the accent. Therefore, all the three levels of diversity remain present in the case scenario. The term refers to the belief that one culture is superior to that of others (Siamagka and Balabanis, 2015). In the case scenario, Mr. Lewane holds to his culture which he perceives people to be open and air out their issues as opposed to the belief by Jana who tends to remain to herself and isolate every time at the workplace. Therefore, the belief that there must be something wrong with Jana explains the fact that the boss holds his culture stronger to determine a problem with anyone acting on the contrary. Stereotype refers to a specific way of thought or perception adopted about specific things or people whose behavior represents the entire population of the rest. The term explains the feeling of people being associated with a certain practice such s sacred practices by coming from a particular location known for a given practice (McGlone, and Pfiester, 2015). In the Scenario, Jana faces stereotype given the accent she possesses and is thus used to judge her location given the dominant dialect in the area. Email to Shakti Consultation Thank you for the opportunity to have me offer the consultancy services to your firm. I understand the importance of communication and feel better placed to offer the services in restoring good relations and growth. I will be available anytime from next week when we can schedule a meeting to discuss the underlying issues. Once again, thanks for the offer. I am looking forward to being of value to your company. References Burgoon, J.K., Guerrero, L.K. and Floyd, K., 2016.Nonverbal communication. Routledge. Ferraro, G.P. and Briody, E.K., 2017.The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis. McGlone, M.S. and Pfiester, R.A., 2015. Stereotype threat and the evaluative context of communication.Journal of Language and Social Psychology,34(2), pp.111-137. Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfactionagn.Maement Communication Quarterly,28(2), pp.264-284. Miller, K. and Barbour, J., 2014.Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Quintanilla, Management. and Wahl, S.T., 2015.Business and professional communication: Keys for workplace excellence. Sage Publications. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. and Roy, C.S., 2014.Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Siamagka, N.T. and Balabanis, G., 2015, October. Revisiting consumer ethnocentrism: review, reconceptualization, and empirical testing. American Marketing Association.

Sandusky Scandal Essay Example

Sandusky Scandal Essay In the concepts that govern B and the Penn State scandal, the research considers how ethics, culture, and leadership become key factors in how a business operates within itself (Organizational Behavior c. 15-16). Throughout this research I will identify three issues that are underlining factors to B and the Sandusky scandal. The first question of research is the exploration of organizational culture theories: to explain why Penn State employees were more interested in protecting Sandusky, than exposing the truth about sexually abused children. The second interest of research is examining the group dynamics of: leadership, inferior counterparts, and environment; and discover which of these here dynamics held majority to lesser responsibility/blame. The last topic of this research I will attempt to answer is: discovering when the lines between ethics and business became blurred; and if/why they are capable of being kept separate. 3 Introduction There are multiple dynamics that took place during the exposure of Jerry Sandusky who was a former defensive coordinator for Penn State University football team. This scandal came as a shock to the university, football society, and the nation. The fact that these crimes occurred themselves was not as shocking or provoked as much Edie attention and outcry, as the fact that some university officials had knowledge of the on-going sexual abuse; which occurred on school property, but chose to enable Sandusky by covering it up for over a decade. School officials ignored Sandusky behavior to avoid ruining the schools reputation or worse Jeopardizing the football programs legacy built by Sandusky and his counterparts (Rockaways, n. . ). The idea that school officials may have been in over their heads because of the culture of unity that surrounds football, and what the success of the team meant to the reputation of Penn State University. The B dynamic of the key players that contributed to Sandusky being able to abuse children for as long as he did was conducive to the Penn State environment of making success a priority over ethics and integrity (Bau er and Reardon, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Sandusky Scandal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sandusky Scandal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sandusky Scandal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The leaders within the university knew about the abuse and the followers who were aware knew their inferiority to the core group (Sandusky and his counterparts) making them too afraid to speak up (Patella, 2013). The leaders at Penn State University were held to a code of ethics as all universities are, except this abuse would not have been tolerated had Penn State officials ethics en monitored or scrutinized, meaning there were no checks and balances to govern the actions of Sandusky or the school officials (Alder, 2013). Pennsylvania State University Scandal 4 Contributing Factors Overview Jerry Sandusky was investigated in 2011 when it was exposed that he had been sexually abusing children. Sandusky had invested 32 years into coaching and mentoring young lives through Pennsylvania State University football program, along with The Second Mile charity for at risk youth he founded. Sandusky undoubtedly appeared to be an upstanding citizen and role model. Sandusky created a way to continue his abuse past retiring as assistant coach from Penn State in 1999. Sandusky was still able to receive full access to the Penn State facilities and maintain an office through the university officials granting him special privileges; despite the fact of abuse allegations surfacing in 1998. In 2011 the initial shock of the media and reports of the Sandusky scandal uncovering years of victims and allegations, left spectators in disbelief. The idea that this type of abuse went undetected from 1994 to 2009 seemed preposterous. The fact of the matter is that Sandusky was enabled to intention his abuse through high ranking school officials sweeping Sandusky behavior under the rug (Chapel, 2012). The school officials that contributed to covering up the Sandusky scandal were: Penn State athletic director Tim Curler, senior vice president for finance and business including overseeing the university police Gary Schultz, Penn State football coach, Joe Pattern and university president, Graham Spanner. All four of the elite university officials became informed of Sandusky sexual misconduct by a graduate assistant Mike Macaques who later became assistant coach to Pattern (Chapel, 2012). After Sandusky sexual misconduct was officially brought to the attention of these key officials the solution was to basically punish Sandusky by telling him he is no longer allowed to shower with the boys on campus facilities. The core group Pennsylvania State University Scandal 5 of officials completely ignored the fact that the boy Sandusky was seen by Muscular engaging in a sexual act at 9:30 p. M. On a Friday, was no more than 10 years of age; which warrants the question why the young boy was on the university campus at all. It was the consensus of the elite core group to lessen the situation from what Macaques reported as anal sex to what Spanner labeled horsing around and excused any reasons to tell the authorities or human resources (Peel, 2012). Keep in mind none of the elite group of officials considered asking Sandusky his side of the story or even telling him the extent of what they were advised by Macaques (Chapel, 2012). Issues/Solutions Protecting Sandusky at all cost is what appeared to be the theme throughout decades of abuse. The questions of why the elite group of officials was more fixated on protecting Sandusky secrets then protecting the children of abuse. After the sex scandal was biblically exposed in 2011, Penn State hired their independent former FBI director Louis Freer to investigate the case. Throughout Freshs investigation it became more evident that Spanner, Pattern, Schultz, and Curler knew more about the allegations then Penn State administrative board initially realized (Chapel, 2012). The bottom line as to why this elite group covered up Sandusky behavior is not because he was their best colleague ever but more for the betterment of the groups function as having prestigious and successful reputation as a whole. The behavior of the elite group in terms of organizational behavior is described as utilitarianism which explains that decisions are made for the team or group based on the most ideal outcome that creates the greatest good for majority of the group (Robbins ; Judge, 2014). Based on this Pennsylvania State University Scandal 6 theory it would not have mattered what type of crime the senior officials covered up for Sandusky because they would have remained silent for the betterment of the greater purpose that drove Penn State; which is football status and revenue. After he investigation conducted by Freer he made a statement as follows: The most senior officials at Penn State had shown a total and consistent disregard for the welfare of children, had worked together to actively conceal Mr.. Sandusky assaults, and had done so for one central reason: fear of bad publicity would have hurt the nationally ranked football program, Mr.. Patterns reputation as a coach of high principles, the Penn State brand and the universitys ability to raise money as one of the most respected public institutions in the country (Peel, 2012). The solution to his organizational dysfunction and most problems in organizational business is maintaining checks and balances. One solution I will highlight from Robbins and Judge, Organizational Behavior is the concept of transparent communication (2014, p. 175, 327). Part of the problem is keeping the secrecy without having an outside unaffiliated opinion of the group/situation involved. Implementing transparency between separate groups would help prevent the breakdown in communication by senior department officials. Including implementing policies that the human resource department is automatically notified of any discrepancy among leadership ND their conduct regardless of how trivial the complaint. Creating a transparency in communication between departments and HRS could prevent mass media scandals as the one involving Sandusky and serve as a safety net to the business. B: Leaders, Followers, and Environment 7 The breakdown of leadership, subordinates, and environment, plays a crucial role in how the Sandusky crimes continued throughout the decades. The Triangle Dynamic of the leaders, followers, and environment explores the idea that each part plays a hand in contributing to the issue of the Sandusky scandal. As previously discussed he elite force of leadership officials within Penn State demonstrated a lack of accountability towards each other, and in the same sense the senior officials involved never explicitly discussed the need to keep Sandusky behavior an actual secret it was more of an unsaid notion of the group. According to the report of the special investigation counsel by Spooking and Sullivan, 2012; In 1998 Sandusky was reported to the Penn State University Police as taking a shower with an 11 year old boy and giving him a bear hug from behind. The 11 year old boy was a participant in the second mile charity and Sandusky bought him onto university property where he showered with the boy in the coachs locker room after a workout. The police report was initiated by the boys mother. The details of the police investigation alleging child sexual abuse was confidentially shared by the university chief of police Thomas Harmon to Schultz, who was closely monitoring the investigation. Schultz informed Curler and Spanner (including one email to Pattern) of Sandusky being investigated. Schultz intentionally failed to inform HRS or the administrative board of trustees about n on-going investigation of alleged child abuse involving coach Sandusky. Although it was noted of correspondence between Curler and Schultz expressing concern that Sandusky had been showering with several boys before this initial report and that there could be an underling issue. The investigation concluded by Chief Harmon informing Schultz that no action would be taken and no official case number on record detailing the investigation as a sex crime offense, but instead an administrative in house report because no Pennsylvania State University Scandal 8 crime was established. Schultz did not take any administrative action to prohibit Sandusky from this behavior in the future. Schultz also trusted the opinions of the investigator at the time, instead of calling a specialist to weigh in on the matter to what Sandusky behavior was classified as. Spooking and Sullivan, 2012, research supports the notion that Schultz had a moral concern about Sandusky behavior but lacked the ethical aptitude to face possible repercussion that could tarnish the Penn State football legacy had HRS or board of trustees been made aware of the scandal in 1998. Schultz showed a loyalty to the environment that Penn State football set forth, which was the mentality of success above all else. In a way had the Sandusky investigation in 1998 been made public or handled with transparent communication between departments, it would have tarnished the name of leadership and athletic success that Penn State used as their selling point in recruitment to the university. Solutions to leadership issues in organizational behavior theories would be training! Robbins and Judge in Organizational Behavior, discuss skills that define effective from ineffective leadership. Schultz, Curly, Pattern, and Spanner all handled the Sandusky Scandal poorly, partway because they did not develop good conceptual skills. Organizational behavior explains conceptual skills as the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations that require conceptual skills. Decision making requires managers to identify problems, develop alternative solutions to correct those problems, evaluate those alternative solutions, and select the best one, (Robbins, Judge, 2014, p. 8). At no point did senior officials utilize these skills. It is possible they did not consider a solution because they were shocked and afraid choosing to cover Sandusky behavior up. If that was the case, another solution would have been to utilize information and expertise from an outside source that could have weighed in a more unbiased Pennsylvania State University Scandal 9 solution, which would be someone who was trained in technical skills (someone who is trained with extensive formal education) and human skills (someone with the ability to understand and communicate between the groups). This should sound familiar because it is commonly what Human Resource does in conflict resolution, yet was not utilized in 1998 or 2001 to form a direction to permanently put a stop to Sandusky; because of the potential consequences it would have created for the athletic department and reputation of the university. Followers and the dynamic of Subordination, fast-forward to 2000 when the Janitor witnessed Sandusky performing oral sex on a young boy; and 2001 when graduate assistant Macaques witnessed anal sex in the shower between a Sandusky and a young boy. Both subordinates being the Janitor and Macaques immediately reported what they witnessed to their superior. Both Janitor and Macaques followed chain of command hoping the issue would be resolved by someone more authoritative. They appeared to carry the personal, moral, and ethic responsibility that would have invoked reporting the crime directly to the police. However, both the Janitor and Macaques were participants in the good 01 boy system for fear of stepping on their superiors discretions decision of the incident. The Janitor was afraid of going against the prestige of the elite status created by the football programs leadership. Whereas Macaques was afraid of what it would mean for Sandusky and others involved in the leadership of the university athletics. Both Macaques and the Janitor were concerned but not willing to risk their polished or reputation to prompt an investigation on their own accord (Bass Newman, 2013). Once again outside individuals learning of Sandusky indiscretions were incapable of going against their environment which taught them to idle the success of the team and its pride above any individual Pennsylvania State University 10 issue. As a result the abuse allegation rested on the shoulders of the leadership between Curly, Schultz, Spanner, and Pattern to discretely deal with Sandusky. In chapter twelve of Organizational Behavior 2014, Judges and Robbins talk about the concept of knowledge based trust. This concept helps explain why Macaques and even the Janitor felt as though reporting the incident to their superior was the end of their responsibility. Organizational Behavior explains knowledge based trust as having adequate information about someone to understand them well enough to be able to accurately predict their behavior ND the more communication and regular interaction you have with someone the more the trust is developed and depended upon. Based on this B concept Macaques had some trust in Pattern to do what was best by reporting Sandusky behavior to him directly, making Macaques feel as Hough he had done the right thing given the situation. The implication of this concept would explain why Macaques felt more accountability to speak with Pattern a man in leadership that he trusted over reporting it to HRS or the police. The same B concept could explain why the information about the alleged abuse was only shared between Curly, Schultz, Pattern, and Spanner, because they were a close group that had been together for decades and understood the idea of keeping the Football program above all else and their unity was built in knowledge based trust and their underlining belief that Sandusky was misunderstood and not a sexual predator (Spooking Sullivan, 2012). Solutions to the role of followers would be clear communication and personal accountability. Managers should train their subordinates to take responsibility and initiatives to problem solve issues instead of solely relying on the discretion of a supervisor to develop a Pennsylvania State University Scandal 11 solution. Organizational behavior refers to the concept of perception and individual decision making Judge Robbins, 2014. P. 159). In this concept empowering on-management to solve problems and make decisions based on their perception of the situation, causing the individual to derive reasoning on their own. If this concept occurred when Macaques first observed Sandusky immoral behavior he would have felt empowered to make a decision such as notifying the police; instead of passing the responsibility onto a senior official who downplayed the seriousness of the situation because the decision was based on Patterns personal perception. The environment played the largest role in the cover up of the Sandusky scandal because here was more at stake to lose, which was the prestige of the athletic department and the reputation of integrity and success in which the university principals were built. In 2011 the Sandusky Scandal became public knowledge. The focus was on assessing blame and the dysfunction of leadership as the root cause for the cover up. Numerous articles were written by ESP., The Washington Post, and The New York Times, educating the public and swaying opinions as to who should be held responsible in the publics eye for the scandal. In the publics opinion Pattern was cost responsible and his years of goodwill and honor have come undone (Hill, 2012). Newspapers went on to call Pattern a liar and a cover-up artist Indictable hypocrite Nonsense, 2012). The New York Times wrote an article holding Macaques responsible for witnessing child sodomys and lacking any sense of morality or ethics to not immediately call the police (Dodd, 2011). Schultz, Curly, and Spanner were also blasted by Sports Illustrated as scumbags who failed to report the 2001 incident to police and kept their knowledge inclusive to their group (Staples, 2012). All of the media attention and weigh-ins by other sports officials did not consider the offending group environment that influenced the cover up, or the lack of 12 leaderships emotional intelligence in terms of organizational behavior to handle a situation like the one Sandusky created. For forces that drove the environment of success at all cost that Penn State officials operated under, was the necessity to commercialism universities and airframe them as profitable corporations. The idea that cash flow increase creates a higher level of prestige therefore makes them more palpable of providing a sought out education (Group, 2007). Universities that become affluent corporations governed by the democratic process, focused on university programs that generate the most popularity and revenue; and contribute less to social good and human morality (Group, 2007). The Penn State University football athletic program generated on average 1. 83 million a year; because of their ability to win at all cost and keep the face of integrity and unity. The entire university and football program was centered and commercialese around the idea of strong leadership. That being said it was not one individual involved in the scandal that could possess more blame over the other because the senior officials lived by the code the university environment created and profited from, making it an intangible entity or concept for one individual to represent in this scandal. Solutions to environment issues would be to minimize individual power and promote stronger conceptual organization. Pattern was held in such high esteem that he was able to use his power to remain head coach past the average age of retirement, despite the board of trustees encouraging him to retire. Pattern would not give up his control and the lack of dispersed centralization of authority and outside influences of check and balances continued to contribute to the lack of transparency and balance (Patella, 2007). Since the board of trustees was apathetic in their supervision of the universitys athletic department, they could have designed a more Pennsylvania 13 measurable way to perform checks and balances within the department, by holding all of its employees to an employment contract. This solution could have alleviated the pressure of making decisions on handling the power of an individual, because heir ethical and physical performance could be measured on a standard level. Part of the issue was that the athletic department carried a high amount of revenue for the school that everyone benefited from the work of a few (Alder, 2013). This type of situation is part of what made Penn State have unclear ethical motives in preserving the success and legacy of the football program, which brings this discussion to its last issue of blurred lines in ethics. The blurred line of ethics I believe first occurred in 1998 when the concern of sexual misconduct involving Sandusky and children first surfaced. The senior officials did not report this initial known incident to the administrative board or HRS because there was a potential that Sandusky behavior was an actual problem, as Schultz noted in his documents of the incident (Spooking Sullivan, 2012). Another big area where ethics broke down was when Spanner went against rules and regulations by allowing Sandusky to have special privileges after he retired; by granting him emeritus status allowing unlimited access to the university. Sandusky was able to come and go has he pleased using this special status to groom and sexually abuse more boys on university property, Spooking Sullivan, 2012. P 60). By not adhering to the standard rules and regulations, Spanner began to bluntly blur the lines of ethics and bend rules; making it impossible to impose on someone else afterwards. The moral and ethical decision to keep this incident closed record and hidden from the board was an unspoken choice by Schultz and Carry to protect the leadership of Penn State University. It was not until the scandal grew in 2000 2001 , that the senior officials acknowledged there may be a real problem but where in too deep and did not Pennsylvania State 14 know how to handle it. This concern along with denial are what prompted Schultz to seek outside council realizing these incidents were a part of a bigger issue with Sandusky (Spooking Sullivan, 2012). However, once the core group of officials again agreed to keep details of the incident hidden for the betterment of Penn State, they also ignored each of their individual consciences and moral ethics trusting the other persons Judgment and decisions over their own. Had there been no doubt that Sandusky intentions were innocent there would have not been so much secrecy surrounding it where any other issue was transparent between HRS, the board of trustees. There was a clear indication by these senior officials actions to weigh the success of the university over the code of principals and ethics it was founded on, focusing on the needs of the group and trust in each other over their obligation to protect children as school officials. Solution to ethical issues is a part of the previous discussion to implement checks and balances, rules and regulations. One way to prompt ethical behavior is to train employees to a see something, say something rule. This could be achieved by funding multiple lines of communication between departments and administration. The university could have easily funded a tip hotlist worked by an independent agency responsible for fielding and investigating complaints that could be summarized for the board of trustees in monthly meetings. This form of communication would create more openness to report department issues anonymously regardless if someone was covering it up. Chapter eight in Robbins and Judges Organizational Behavior, discusses the concept of courtship and grouping. An underlining issue of the Sandusky Scandal was that the core group was operating in a grouping capacity. According to B grouping occurs when a consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative rouses of action, which is what resulted in the core group assigning Sandusky 15 behavior to being Just inappropriate oppose to criminal; because he was viewed as a longtime friend/colleague, instead of objectively situational based. The solution to this type of opinion forming in terms of B is utilizing courtship perception; which causes an individual to make a shift towards a less conservative opinion that would vary from the original groups position. Implementing a different course of action such as the officials idea to alert the police and HRS would have resulted in a better outcome for the entire group instead of its dismemberment from poor decision making and lack of leadership (2014, p. 263). Thoughts Conclusion and Ending The overall consensus of public opinion regarding the Sandusky scandal is that it could have been prevented. Considering how organizational behavior operates, its purpose is to create interpersonal relationships that serve a common purpose; whether it is a positive or negative outcome Monsoons, n. D. ). It is almost odd that the public reacted with such shock that an institution was capable of producing such a secretive environment believing they are above common law. The combination of individuals and environment that operate within a systematic structure influences the success or failures of businesses Monsoons, n. D. ). The structure of influence if based on the pattern of behavior that influences the environment and controls how individuals think and behave within that structured environment. Think about how B operates in other institutions that participate in scandalous behaviors and cover- ups. Since the dawn of enlightenment, the widespread scandals of the Roman Catholic Church have become a well-known secret. Thousands of reports have been add against the Catholic Church and their participation to cover-up child sexual abuse by Pennsylvania State University Scandal 16 priest. The notion of child abuse through the Catholic Church has been an on-going issue because of the loyalty shared among members of the church towards the Vatican (Kim, 2013). Like Penn State the Vatican is a representational imagine that people within the organization glorify. By comparison, in terms of a church and school being organizational institutions, Sandusky is as a priest; and the core group is as the clergy. Sandusky held a position of power that others sought to please and inform to; keep in mind, that scandals are seldom exposed until years after the initial occurrence (Kim, 2013). Yet after corruption within the organization becomes public, the blame does not fall on the entity that it represents. Mainly because people are not going to stop being catholic do to the reputation of priest the scandals have exhibited for the church. In the same terms, university students are not going to stop pursuing a higher education due to scandals within the athletic department. Scandals can be dismissed by blaming the corruption of those individuals involved while maintaining an image that the organization itself is not to be blamed for the behaviors of those that operate within it. Environments within an institution create a culture of the greater good mindset. There is an intangible entity that allows the most revolting acts of abuse virtually go unpunished (Borrowers, 2004). There is no difference in the fundamentals that govern B and its ability to take a group of people and control their behavior based on what bonds them to their organization and the environment within it. The institution of churches, schools, and governments operate under the same fundamental principles that is the basis of organizational behavior and what an individual is capable of within an inclusive environment loyal to a cause. The idea that organizational behavior is capable of producing the most influential environments in any type of group setting based on the individuals commitment to the greater cause of the Pennsylvania State University Scandal 17 institution itself, to the point of going against ones own morals and better Judgment (Hub, 2003). Organizational behavior is built on shared goals, commitment to the successes of the image, and deep trust towards the belief of an institution. For a member of the priesthood or faculty of the university to expose secrets would be a betrayal to what they have come to identify themselves as. This reason of exposing truths and feeling as though the individual has betrayed part of their own public identity, stands for public shaming; which may be worse than a moral driven secret and guilty conscious (Borrowers, 2013). Consider how powerful is the image for which one is willing and capable of committing crimes in the name of loyalty to their organization. References 8 Alder, C. (2013).

Apophenia †Filling the Blanks

Apophenia - Filling the Blanks Apophenia Filling the Blanks Apophenia Filling the Blanks By Maeve Maddox Readers comments on What Does [Sic] Mean? point up the curious feature of the human mind that infuses meaning into the meaningless. I always thought it was an abbreviation for â€Å"Spelling Is Correct.† I think I read on this site that someone believed â€Å"sic† to stand for â€Å"said in context†. I had previously thought it was an acronym for â€Å"Spelled InCorrectly†. This type of fill-in-the-blanks reasoning is at work in elaborate conspiracy theories and when someone sees the face of Jesus in a tortilla. The tendency to find meaning in the partially-known is called apophenia: finding meaning or patterns where none exist. Unfamiliar with the source of the notation [sic], readers make use of the letters and the context to create something that makes sense to them. We all fall into this kind of fallacious reasoning at some time or another. Uncomfortable in a new situation, we hear laughter and are certain that the people are laughing at us. The narrative of the movie A Beautiful Mind revolves around the protagonists apophenic beliefs. For those of us who write fiction, some aspect of apophenia must be at work when we spin whole narratives out of a chance remark or the glimpse of an oddly-dressed person on a train. The human mind craves meaning. We look at our lives and see a meaningful narrative. We find evidence for beliefs that other people find preposterous. If you browse the Wikipedia articles that stem from the one on apophenia, youll find several types of this kind of thinking. One type is called Mortons Demon, named by Glenn R. Morton to explain what was at work in his mind when he believed in a widely-held theory he no longer believes in. Morton entered the study of physics believing firmly in creationist theory. His study of geology changed his belief. He then gave a name to the type of reasoning that had enabled him to believe in a theory with insufficient physical evidence: Mortons demon stands at the gateway of a persons senses and lets in facts that agree with that persons beliefs while deflecting those that do not. With a national election only days away, were being hammered with all kinds of assertions about the candidates. Its probably a good time for voters to watch out for apophenia in their thinking. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouHang, Hung, HangedIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Essay on Downfall of Germany

Essay on Downfall of Germany Essay on Downfall of Germany Downfall of Germany The invasion of Normandy lasted from June 6th, 1944 to August 1944. It brought great effects to World War II but mainly Germany. It was a turning point in the war. The loss of D-Day caused the German army to weaken in power, leading to their downfall in World War II. When the Americans and the Allies invaded Normandy, Germany military reserves were extremely low. The German leaders had not expect them to attack that day and left the headquarters of Normandy. â€Å"Confident that the rough seas and heavy cloud cover had postpone any invasion plans for a while, Rommel drove off to visit his family at their home in Southern Germany. Additionally, most of Rommel’s command staffs headed inland to a military conference,† (The History Place) which implied that they were not prepared to defend against the Allied forces. The German leaders had expected the Americans and Allied forces to come, but they didn’t expect any attacks on that day due to the big storm. Since the leaders decided to take the day off, they faced the consequences when Germany had lost the battle. In addition, there weren’t enough people defending Normandy. Since â€Å"many Germans believed that the massive landings in Normandy were merely a feint to draw their reserves away from Pas de Calais,† (Richard J) they responded by defending Pas de Calais. Unfortunately for the Germans, Normandy’s defenses fell due to the lack of people because they assumed wrong. The invasion of Normandy wasn’t a distraction, so the Americans and Allied were able to win the battle of D-Day because of the German’s low reserves. The Germans didn’t realize until it was too late. And yet, Hitler did not allow any reinforcements. He â€Å"...did not believe that D-Day was the real American and Allied invasion point. Rommel pleaded to Hitler for reinforcements, but Hitler refused,† (All Empires) which tells how German lost its future bat tles. Even though, Germany had over fifty divisions at Normandy, their commanders were not present. Hitler still refused to allow any reinforcements. His actions led the Nazi to be defeated in the battle and the war. Yet with their advance technologies, the Germans didn’t respond well to their defeat on D-Day. Immediately, Germans tried to counterattack Allied dominance in Normandy. They â€Å"...counterattack[ed] at the same time that Allied dominance,†(Naval History

Economics Final Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics Final Project - Assignment Example These needs notwithstanding, health insurance coverage has not reached levels most expected by stakeholders. A number of reasons could account for this. As a way of addressing the situation, a number of health insurance policies exist to ensure that people can have options that best apply to their needs so that they would select these. One of the options is the high-deductible health plan (HDHP). The best way to argue on whether or not HDHP will lead to improved coverage is to look at the modalities involved in this type of health insurance plan. There are two broad modalities that can be identified in this context. In the first place, users selecting this option are required to pay much lower premiums than what may be called traditional health insurance plans (Yoo and Chen, 2009). The premium refers to that money that is paid upfront to the health insurance company on a monthly basis. This means that people opting for this would not be paying so much every month as compared to those selecting other traditional plans. On the other hand, these people are required to pay higher deductibles than in traditional health insurance plans (Henderson, 2012). These deductibles are the amounts that are paid for an insurer’s own medical care before the health insurance company come in to pay anything for the insurer. From the explanation given about the rationale based on which the HDHP works, it would be noted that people who visit the doctor less often and do not accrue much cost from their visits with the doctor would have the benefit of this plan. Meanwhile, Chang et al. (2006) argued that the healthcare population of the country is made up of more of such people than those with catastrophic health conditions. Should the greater percentage get the right counsel therefore, chances that a good number of the populace would opt for HDHP and thus increase the coverage with the system is high. With this said, it is also important to look at the issue of economic benefits

Small Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Small Business Management - Essay Example If the company decided to open another online store it would not impact the cash position of the company. The firm will be able to absorb the additional cost of opening a new store without hurting the liquidity of the firm. 2. Is My Friend Bookstore a good candidate for franchising? I do not think that My Friend Bookstore is a good candidate for franchising. The firm is currently operating under special circumstances which may not be able to be replicated. The company has no fixed cost because it operates out of a dorm. The dorm location allows the firm to deliver books to the university students free of charge. The prime location also gives the company an advantage as far as having a great supply of used books since college students have so many books. The used book market is also very risky. Since publishers changed editions almost every year the used textbooks become obsolete very fast. Another disadvantage of franchising the business concept is that it is very easy to duplicate a n online bookstore. It might become hard to sell franchises of a product that has such a low barrier of entry. 3. Describe what the owners would have to do to prepare to franchise their business? There are different steps that must be taken to move a company from a single operation to a franchise. The first step is to determine whether the company is ready to take this huge step. The business concept must be evaluated to determine if the offering is unique and if there is a market for the product or service being offered. The company must be in a good financial condition to absorb the initial cost of the expansion plan such as added infrastructure and marketing expenses. Prior to making the step of choosing the franchise model management must evaluate all other expansion strategies such as joint venture, strategic alliances, licensing, and subsidiaries. The second big step in forming a franchise is to comply with legal requirements. A business prior to selling franchises in the Unit ed States must register a franchise disclosure document with the Federal Trade Commission (Tice, 2011). The firm has to create a plan on how to advertise to sell franchises either domestically or internationally. Once the franchises are sold the firm has to serve the franchises. This includes giving training, selling inventory, and providing advertising. 4. The three partners own the bookstore equally. What are some of the difficulties they may encounter in sharing management duties equally? It is not uncommon for a business venture to have more than one owner. In this case there are three partners in charge of My Friends Bookstore. The partners might face difficulties dividing the managerial work because there is not a clear division of labor among the partners. It is more ideal to have only one manager in charge of the operation. This way the employees will know exactly which instructions to follow. When there are several people serving the managerial role the employees might get mixed messages from the managerial staff. Another problem is that the partners might face conflict regarding how to divide the managerial functions. It is possible that under this scenario that one partner might want to take advantage of the other as far as passing on the managerial work to the next person. 5. What processes might the owners put in place to clarify their duties as equal partners? A way that the partners can divide work duties in a more orderly manner is to create

Method of Inquiry Essay Example for Free

Method of Inquiry Essay The method of inquiry is based on gathering observable, factual and measureable evidence. Basically, methods of inquiry are ways that an investigator gathers the information for the case that they are investigating. Methods of inquiry are used in criminal investigation by collecting evidence, statement collection, and going through electronic databases and even the internet. The methods of inquiry are all used in conjunction to reconstruct the crime scene. The methods are also used by utilizing the five W’s, who, what, when, where, and why, and also how. There are three methods of inquiry that are used in an investigation and those are authority method, tenacity method, and intuition. An example of a method of inquiry is when an investigator is collecting the statements from either the victims or witnesses. The investigator will take all the information and evidence that is collected, compile it all together and come up with the reconstruction of the crime that was committed. The optimal mindset of an investigator is one that is able to look for the motive of the crime that is at hand and able to investigate all the possibilities of even the most obvious evidence that has been gathered. In my own opinion, I think that an optimal mindset is where the investigator can process all the evidence at hand, in their mind and come up with a conclusion of what occurred. Also I believe that the mindset is one that can be taught through training and experience. The scientific method is a systematic approach of observation, hypothesis formation, hypothesis testing and hypothesis evaluation that forms the basis for modern science. There are anywhere from five to eight steps in the scientific method. However, all versions of the scientific method involve the person trying to solve the problem experimenting to find an answer. A prudent criminal investigator will apply the scientific method within the course of his or her investigation to ensure that an investigation is done neutrally and without basis.

History And The Human Sciences As Systems Of Knowledge :: essays research papers

â€Å"What are the main difficulties human scientists confront when trying to provide explanations of human behaviour? What methods have been invented to circumvent these difficulties and to minimize their influence on the results that are obtained?† Although many people in the field of human sciences try to get their disciplines to be recognized as pure sciences, there are many differences that distinguish the natural sciences from the human sciences. There is a certain kudos that comes with the natural sciences that people in the human sciences crave, but human sciences can never be like the natural sciences. This is what causes there to be difficulties with human scientists trying to explain their science. They lack the definite, and factual ground on which the natural sciences are based. When a natural scientist hypothesises that when he heats some water to 100 degrees, it will boil. And then after an experiment, it is shown that it does, one can not argue that perhaps on another day the water wouldn’t feel like boiling at 100 degrees, or that perhaps it was only boiling at that temperature because there were people watching. Water boiling at 100 degrees is a scientific fact. It will occur every time the experiment is carried out. However, in the field of human sciences, these facts do not exist, and this makes it very difficult for a human scientist to prove any of his theories, or speculate on situations with any authority. The reason for this is that the study of human sciences involves, obviously, human behaviour. Human behaviour does not follow the same patterns that are obs erved with particles of matter, or certain metals, it is almost totally unpredictable. However, the human sciences do use similar methods of attaining knowledge to the natural sciences. The methods by which the human scientist attains knowledge has the same basic principles to that of the natural scientist. They have hypotheses which they test through observing, and analysing their observations. However, in the natural sciences, the observer is quite distinct from the experiment, as an astronomist is distinct from the planets and stars that he is observing. Whereas, in the human sciences, a human is the observer, and humans are the experiment. This complicates things. In every science there are theories. In the natural sciences these theories can be proved true or false, and therefore it can be determined whether these theories have an effect the result of the experiment.

Essay on school uniforms Essay

Imagine being able to wake up every morning, roll out of bed, put on the same thing you wore the day before, and head off to school. Not only would you be able to do such a thing, but all of your friends were doing it, too! Sound too good to be true? Well, it’s becoming more common in our society as school uniforms have gone beyond private schools to public schools. Uniforms have a positive effect on students’ self-esteem, attendance, discipline, and test scores. They have also been proven to decrease the rate of crime and violence in public schools. Most students and even parents will argue that SCHOOL UNIFORMS stifle individualism. The teenage years are a time when adolescents try out different personas, often experimenting with different styles of clothing during this phase. Opponents argue that uniforms take away an individual’s freedom of expression. However, the clothes that people wear, or can afford to wear, often define the group by which they are accepted. As a result, many teens are outcast due to the fact that they cannot afford the top-of-the-line, name-brand clothing. This rejection can lead to several problems for the outcast teen: depression, inability to concentrate on schoolwork, or just a general feeling of inferiority. School uniforms put everyone on the same level because no outfit is more stylish or expensive than another. Linda Moore, principal at Will Rogers Middle School in Long Beach, California, states, â€Å"Uniforms reduce the differences between the haves and have-nots† (Ritter, 1). Uniforms allow students to interact with one another without experiencing the socioeconomic barrier that non-uniform schools create. More importantly, children are not judged on how much they spent on clothes or how stylish they look, but rather for their talents and personalities. School uniforms not only break down socioeconomic barriers, but they also increase the safety of the students. In 1996, President Bill Clinton encouraged the use of school uniforms as part of an education program that sought to improve safety and discipline (Hoffman, 1). If students are all wearing the same type of outfit, it becomes much easier to spot outsiders  who may wander onto the campus. In addition, uniforms decrease the number of incidences of students being attacked or beaten for items of clothing such as shoes and jackets. Also, members of gangs frequently have a color or style of clothing used to identify themselves. Unsuspecting students who wear gang colors or gang-related attire might be threatened or intimidated by members of opposing gangs, students wearing expensive or fashionable clothes might become victims of theft, or certain fashion accessories or attire may be used as a means of concealing weapons, or even as weapons (Paliokas, 1). At a school in Long Beach, California, after only the first year that uniforms were implemented, overall school crime decreased 36 percent, fights decreased 51 percent, sex offenses decreased 74 percent, weapons offenses decreased 50 percent, assault and battery offenses decreased 34 percent, and vandalism decreased 18 percent (Manual, 3). Schools with uniform-clad students are also proven to have fewer disciplinary problems and increased attendance than non-uniform schools. Dr. John German, principal of South Shore, located in Seattle, Washington, reports, â€Å"This year the demeanor in the school has improved 98 percent, truancy and tardies are down, and we have not had one reported incident of theft† (Manual,4). Ruffner Middle School, located in Norfolk, Virginia, reports a 47 percent decrease in students leaving class without permission (Manual,5). With the implementation of uniforms, students no longer spend hours deciding what they are going to wear to school. This fear of looking â€Å"uncool† will often cause kids to decide that they do not feel well enough to go to school because they can’t find anything to wear. Uniforms allow students to focus more on their academics, and less on what everyone else is wearing. According to Long Beach police chief William Ellis, â€Å"Students concentrate more on education, not on who’s wearing $100 shoes or gang attire† (Manual, 3). Elementary Guidance Counselor Sharon Carter of Memphis, Tennessee states, â€Å"The tone of the school is different. There’s not the competitiveness†¦about who’s wearing what† (Manual, 5). Many families worry about not having enough money to buy uniforms. Due to the fact that no child can be denied an education because of economic  disadvantage, all schools requiring uniforms must include provisions to assist low-income families. For example, the Long Beach School District solved this problem by setting up a boutique shop, funded by private donors, where needy students can shop (Paliokas, 5). In addition, community and business leaders provide or contribute financial support for uniforms, and students who have graduated often donate their used uniforms to incoming students (Manual, 3). However, uniforms are considerably cheaper to buy than non-uniform clothes, and the students can wear them every day and it isn’t considered unusual. Parents can buy a few pairs of pants, shirts, or other variations of a uniform for under $100, while parents of non-uniform-wearing students can spend from several hundred up to $1,000 a year on clothing. Parents find that buying two or three uniforms is ultimately cheaper than buying clothes to follow the fads, and it stops arguments at home in the mornings about what to wear (Oland, 1). Pop culture increasingly sends young girls the message that the smaller and tighter the clothes, the more readily they will be accepted. These outfits, which flaunt navels and bra straps, are not only distracting, but detract from teaching time as teachers argue with students about what is considered acceptable attire. With uniforms, there are only a few acceptable variations of the outfit, no questions asked. A less well-known theory concerning the pros of school uniforms is the â€Å"halo effect.† According to researcher Marc Posner, the â€Å"halo effect† refers to the idea that while uniforms may not change student behavior, the uniforms may change the way teachers and other adults perceive the students who wear them. In a study of the correlation of student clothing and teacher and student perceptions, Dorothy Behling of Bowling Green University found that students and teachers alike believe that uniform-clad students not only behave better, but also do better academically than those who don’t wear uniforms. While this may be an illusion, these positive perceptions can help create a self-fulfilling prophecy that teachers and administrators raise their discipline and grading standards to reflect their more positive image of students, who, in turn, behave better. (School Discipline, 1). While research on the effectiveness of uniforms is still ongoing, they have been proven to raise test scores, boost self-esteem, reduce violence and crime, and create a sense of newfound pride in students. They help children to focus on learning and schoolwork, not on what everyone else is wearing or whether or not they fit in. Uniforms are not the solution to all of the problems that teens, teachers, and schools face today, but research and statistics suggest that they may be a step in the right direction.

Cost-Salvage Value/Total units of production Essay

Salta Company installs a manufacturing machine in its factory at the beginning of the year at a cost of $87,000. The machine’s useful life is estimated to be 5 years, or 400,000 units of product, with a $7,000 salvage value. During its second year, the machine produces 84,500 units of product. Determine the machines’ second year depreciation under the units of production method: Answer: $16,900 Cost-Salvage Value/Total units of production (87,000 – 7,000)/400,000 = .2 .2 * 84,500 = 16,900 Amortization: Answer: Is the systematic allocation of the cost of an intangible asset to expense over its estimated useful life. Big River Rafting pays $310,000 plus $15,000 in closing costs to buy out a competitor. The real estate consists of land appraised at $105,000, a building appraised at $210,000 and equipment appraised at $35,000. Compute the cost that should be allocated to the land. Answer: $97,500 105,000 + 210,000 + 35,000 = 350,000 105,000/350,000 = .3 .3 * 325,000 = 97,500 Leasehold: Answer: are the rights granted to the lessee by the lessor of a lease. Copyright: Answer: Gives its owner the exclusive right to publish and sell a musical or literary work during the life of the creator plus 70 years. A patent: Answer: Gives its owner exclusive right to manufacture and sell a patented item or to use a process for 20 years. Carmel Company acquires a mineral deposit at a cost of $5,900,000. It incurs additional costs of $600,000 to access the deposit, which is estimated to contain 2,000,000 tons and is expected to take 5 years to extract. Compute the depletion expense for the first year assuming 418,000 tons were mined. Answer: $1,358,500 5,900,000 + 600,000 = 6, 500,000 Cost – Salvage Value/ Total Units of Capacity 6,500,000-0/2000000 = 3.25 3.25 * 418,000 = 1,358,500 Cambria Company reports net sales of $4,315 million; cost of goods sold of $2,808 million; net income of 283 million; and average total assets of $2,136. Compute its total asset turnover. Answer: 2.02 Net Sales/Average Total Asset 4,315/2,136 = 2.02 Salta Company installs a manufacturing machine in its factory at the beginning of the year at a cost of $87,000. The machine’s useful life is estimated to be 5 years, or 400,000 units of product, with $7,000 salvage value. During its second year, the machine produces 84,500 units of product. Determine the machine’s second year depreciation under the straight-line method. Answer: $16,000 Cost – salvage value/useful life in periods 87,000 – 7,000/5 =16,000 A depreciation asset costing $75,000 is purchased on September 1, year 1. The asset is estimated to have a salvage value of $10,000 and an estimated useful life of 4 years. Double-declining-balance depreciation is used. If the asset is sold on December 31, Year 3 for $13,000, the journal entry to record the sale will include: Answer: A debit to loss on sale for $2,625. Chapter 11 Quizzes The current FUTA tax rate is 0.8% and SUTA tax rate is 5.4%. Both taxes are applied to the first $7,000 of an employee’s pay. Assume that an employee earned $8,900. What is the amount of total unemployment taxes the employer must pay on the employee’s wages? Answer: 434.00 7,000*5.4% = 378 7000*0.8% = 56 378 + 56 = 434 FICA taxes include: Answer: Social Security taxes Liability: Answer: Must sometimes be estimated If the times interest ratio: Answer: Increase then the risk decreases. Gross pay is? Answer: Total compensation earned by an employee before any deductions. A company’s income before interest expense and taxes is $250,000 and its interest expense is $100,000. It’s times interest earned ratio is: Answer: 2.50 Income before Interest expense and income taxes/Interest Expense 250,000/100,000 = 2.50 Employee vacation benefits: Answer: are estimated liabilities The amount of federal income taxes withheld from an employee’s paycheck is determined by: Answer: the amount of the employee’s current earnings for the pay period and number of withholding allowances the employee claims. Amount received in advanced from customers for future products or services: Answer: are liabilities A company estimates that a warranty expense will be 4% of sales. The company’s sales for the current period are $185,000. The current period’s entry to record warranty expense is: Answer: Debit warranty expense $7,400; credit estimated warranty liability $7,400 185,000*4% = 7,400 An employee earned 62,500 during the year working for an employer. The FICA tax rate for social security is 6.2% and FICA tax rate for Medicare is 1.45%. The current FUTA tax rate is 0.8% and SUTA is 5.4%. Both unemployment taxes are applied to the first $7,000 of an employee’s pay. What is the total unemployment taxes does the employee have to pay? Answer: $0.00 Employees do not pay unemployment taxes. FUTA taxes are: Answer: unemployment taxes Arena Company’s salaried employee’s earned two weeks’ vacation per year. It pays $858,000 in total employee salaries for 52 weeks but its employees work only 50. Record Arena Company’s weekly journal entry to record the vacation expense; Answer: Debit vacation benefits expense $17,160; Credit vacation benefits payable $17,160 858,000/50 = 17,160 A company sells computers at a selling price of $1,800 each. Each computer has a 2 year warranty that covers replacement of defective parts. It is estimated that 2% of all computers sold will be under the warranty at an average cost of $150 each. During November the company sold 30,000 computers and 400 computers were serviced under the warranty at total cost of 55,000. The balance is the estimated warranty liability account at November 1 was $29,000. What is the company’s warranty expense for the month of November? Answer: 90,000 (30,000*2%*150) = 90,000 A company had fixed interest expense of $6,000, its income before interest expense and any income taxes is $18,000, and its net income is $8,400. The company’s Times interest earned ratio equals: Answer: 3.0 Advanced ticket sales totaling $6,000,000 cash would be recognized as follows: Answer: Debit Cash; Credit Unearned Revenue During August, Arena Company sells $356,000 in product that has a one year warranty. Experience shows that warranty expenses average about 5% of the selling price. The warranty liability account has a balance of $12,800 before adjustment. Customers returned product for warranty repairs during the month that used $9,400 in parts and repairs. The entry to record customer warranty repairs is: Answer: Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $9,400; credit Parts Inventory $9,400 Obligations not expected to be paid within the longer of one year or the company’s operating cycle is reported as: Answer: Long-term liability Times Interest earned computation is: Answer: (Net Income + Interest expense + Income taxes)/Interest expense The difference between the amount received from issuing a note payable and the amount repaid is referred to as: Answer: Interest A contingent Liability: Answer: is a potential obligation that depends on a future event arising from a past transaction or event. In the accounting records of a defendant, lawsuits: Answer: should be recorded if payment for damages is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. A company’s fixed interest expense is $8,000 its income before interest expense and income taxes is $32,000. Its net income is $9,600. The company’s time’s interest earned ratio equals: Answer: 4.0 An Estimated Liability: Answer: Is a known obligation of an uncertain amount that can be reasonably estimated. Recording employee payroll deduction may involve: Answer: Liabilities to individual employees, Liabilities to federal and state governments, Liabilities to insurance companies, and Liabilities to labor unions. Chapter 12 Quizzes Kevin and Jeannie formed This & That as a limited liability company. Unless the member owners elect to be treated otherwise, the IRS will tax the LLC as: Answer: a partnership A partnership that has two classes of partners, general and limited, where the limited partners have no personal liability beyond the amounts they invest in that partnership, and no active role in the partnership, except as specified in the partnership agreement is a: Answer: Limited Partnership Groh and Jackson are partners. Groh’s capital balance in the partnership is $64,000, and Jackson’s capital balance is $61,000. Groh and Jackson have agreed to share equally in income and loss. Groh and Jackson agree to accept Block with a 20%interest. Block will invest $35,000 in the partnership. The bonus that is granted to Groh and Jackson equals: Answer: $1,500 1.64,000 + 61,000=125,000 2. 125,000 + 35,000=160,000 3. 160,000*20%= 32,000 4.35,000 – 32,000 = 3,000 5. 3,000*1/2= 1,500 Badger and Fox are forming a partnership. Badger invests a building that has a market value of $350,000; the partnership assumes responsibility for a $125,000 note secured by a mortgage on the property. Fox invest $100,000 in cash and equipment that has a market value of $75,000. For the partnership the amount recorded for Badgers capital and Fox’s capital are: Answer: Badger $225,000 and Fox $175,000 Badger 35,000-125,000 = 225,000; Fox 100,000 + 75,000 = 175,000 Regina Harrison is a partner in Pressed for Time. An analysis of Regina’s capital account indicates that during the most recent year, she withdrew $20,000 from the partnership. Her share of the partnership’s net loss was $16,000 and she made an additional equity contribution for $10,000. Her capital account ended the year at $150,000, what was her capital balance at the beginning of the year? Answer: $176,000 10,000 – 16,000 – 20,000 = -26,000 150,000 – (-26,000) = 176,000 Collins and Farina are forming a partnership Collins is investing in a building that as market value of $80,000. However the building carries a $56,000 mortgage that will be assumed by the partnership. Farina is investing $20,000 cash. The balance of Collins capital Account will be: Answer: $24,000 80,000 – 56,000 = 24,000 A partnership in which all partners have mutual agency and unlimited liability is called: Answer: General Partnership In the absence of a partnership agreement, the law says that income (and loss) should be allocated based on: Answer: Equal shares Groh and Jackson are partners. Groh’s capital balance is $64,000 and Jackson’s capital balance is $61,000. They have agreed to share equally in income or loss. Groh and Jackson agree to accept Block with a 25% interest. Block will invest $35,000 in the partnership. The bonus that is granted to Block equals: Answer: 5,000 64,000 + 61,000 = 125,000; 125,000 +35,000 = 160,000; 160,000*25% = 40,000; 40,000 – 35,000= 5,000 Nee High and Low Jack are partners. They share income and loss equally. Highs beginning partnership capital balance for the current year is $285,000 and Jack’s is $370,000. The partnership had net income of $250,000 for the year. High withdrew $90,000 and Jack withdrew $100,000. What is Jack’s return on equity? Answer: 41.3% A partnership agreement: Answer: is binding even if it is not in writing. A partnership designed to protect innocent partners from malpractice or negligence claims resulting from acts of another partner is: Answer: Limited Liability Partnership Partner’s withdrawals of assets are: Answer: Debited to their withdrawals account Sam, Bart, and Alex are dissolving their partnership. Their partnership agreement allocates each partner 1/3 of all income and losses. The current period’s capital account balances are Sam, $45,000; Bart, $37,000; and Alex, $(5,000). After all assets are sold and liabilities are paid, there is $77,000 in cash to be distributed. Alex is unable to pay the deficiency. The journal entry to record the distribution should be: Answer: Debit Sam, Capital $42,500; Debit Bart, Capital $37,000; Credit Cash $77,000 Smith, West, and Krug form a partnership. Smith contributes $180,000, West contributes $150,000 and Krug contributes $270,000. Their partnership agreement calls for the income or loss division to be based on the ratio of capital invested. If the partnership reports income of $175,000 for its first year, what amount of income is credited to Smith’s capital account? Answer: $52,500 Smith 180,000/600,000 = .3 .3 * 175,500 = 52,500 Smith, West and Krug form a partnership. Smith contributes $180,000, West contributes $150,000, and Krug contributes $270,000. Their partnership agreement calls for the income and loss division to be based on the ratio of capital invested. If the partnership reports income of $175,000 for its first year, what amount of income is credited to Krug’s capital account? Answer: $78,750 Krug 270,000/600,000 = .45 .45 * 175,000 = 78,750 Smith, West, and Krug form a partnership. Smith contributes $180,000, West contributes $150,000, and Krug contributes $270,000. Their partnership agreement calls for a 5% invest allowance on the partner’s capital balances with the remaining income or loss to be allocated equally. If the partnership reports income of $174,000 for its first year, what amount of income is credited to West’s capital account? Answer: $55,500 Smith, West, and Krug form a partnership. Smith contributes $180,000, West contributes $150,000and Krug contributes $270,000. Their partnership agreement calls for a 5% interest allowances on the partner’s capital balances with the remaining income or loss to be allocated equally. If the partnership reports income of $174,000 for its first year, what amount of income credited to Krug’s capital account? Answer: Badger and Fox are forming a partnership. Badger invests a building that has a market value of $350,000; the partnership assumes responsibility for a $125,000 note secured by a mortgage on the property. Fox invests $100,000 in cash and equipment that has a market value of $75,000. For the partnership, the amounts recorded for total assets and for total capital account are: Answer: In a partnership agreement, if partners agreed to an interest allowance of 10% annually on each partner’s investment, the interests allowance: Answer: Can make up for unequal capital contributions When a partner is unable to pay a capital deficiency: Answer: The deficiency is absorbed by the remaining partners before distribution of cash. Chase and Hatch are partners and share equally in income or loss. Chase’s current capital balance is $135,000 and Hatch’s is $120,000. Chase and Hatch agree to accept Flax with a 30% interest in the partnership. Flax invests $115,000 in the partnership. The amount credited to Flax’s capital account is: Answer: $111,000 135,000 +120,000 = 255,000 255,000 + 115,000 = 370,000 370,000*30% = 111,000 Chase and Hatch are partners and share equally in income or loss. Chase’s current capital balance is $135,000 and Hatch’s is $120,000. Chase and Hatch agree to accept Fax with a 30% interest in the partnership. Flax invests $115,000 in the partnership. The balances in Chase’s and Hatch’s capital accounts after admission of the new partner equal: Answer: The following information is available regarding John Smith’s capital account in Technology Consulting Group, a general partnership, for a recent year: Beginning of the year balance $22,000 His share of partnership income $8,500 Withdrawals made during the year $6,000 What is smith’s partner return on equity during the year in question? Answer: 36.6% 22,000+8,500-6,000=24,500 8,500/(22,000+24,500)/2=.3655=36.6%

My tongue will tell the anger of my heart Essay Example

My tongue will tell the anger of my heart Essay Example My tongue will tell the anger of my heart Paper My tongue will tell the anger of my heart Paper Essay Topic: The Heart Of a Woman The Taming Of the Shrew When the wedding ceremony is reported back we see that Petruchio is behaving more outrageously than Katherine ever has to give her a taste of her own medicine. All the nasty mean things Katherine used to do to other people is being done to her, so she can see how nasty it is and stop doing it.  Katherine is thought to be a dove compared to Petruchio, she has obviously met her match.  After the wedding Petruchio does not go to the wedding feast and will not allow Katherine to go either. This is the beginning of the starvation of Katherine, which makes her more willing to please Petruchio and become tamed. On the journey back to Petruchio home Grumio, a servant, is punished for an accident that was no fault of his own. While Petruchio is beating Grumio Katherine walks through mud to try and stop him. This is the first sign of compassion for another we see from Katherine. Katherine probably beat servants at home and treated them very badly but when she sees someone elses doing it she realises how bad it is and tries to stop it from happening. When Petruchio and Katherine finally reach his home Katherine is tired, cold and hungry. She would not have eaten anything all day, as she was dragged away from the wedding feast before she could eat anything. When Petruchio gets home he is very rough and complaining to the servants, showing Katherine what shrews are really like. Katherine tries to clam him down when he yells and hits servants. Even though it doesnt work once again Katherine is showing compassion for others by trying to protect them from Petruchio.  When the food is set on the table Petruchio throws it away, stating that there is something wrong with it. In this way Katherine is denied food, always for the best reasons. Once again Katherine tries to calm down him down by telling him to be content. She herself is learning to be content with what she gets while he pretends to find fault with everything. Still having not have any food all day, Petruchio take Katherine to bed, Katherine is very tired so goes to bed eagerly. But even though Katherine is exhausted Petruchio keeps lecturing her and ranting all through the night so she cant fall asleep. Petruchio is taming her like a falcon, and compares her to one my falcon . He will tame her like a falcon by depriving her for food and sleep until she accepts him as her master. He will do this by treating her badly yet pretending it is for her best interest, which ultimately it is, as when she is tamed she will be much happier. Katherine is starving and cant sleep. Though she begs Grumio for food he, acting on his masters orders, teases her and gives her none. She admits that before she has never needed to beg but I, who never knew how to entreat, nor never needed that I should entreat. When meat is out on the table Petruchio tells Hortensio, the guest, to eat all of it so Katherine cant have any.  Petruchio then shows Katherine fashionable clothes, yet will not let her have them as she is not yet a lady. When she becomes ladylike she can have all the nice clothes she wants. This is like a bribe to make her do what he wants, as otherwise she wont get the clothes she so desires. This makes Katherine angry, showing that she is still not fully tamed. Her passionate plea for fair treatment My tongue will tell the anger of my heart, or else my heart will break concealing it is ignored by the men, while Petruchio pretends she said something else and continues the conversation like she has not said anything.  On the way back to her house she finally realises what she has to do to make Petruchio happy. She agrees with him that it is night-time when in fact it Is daylight. At his command she greets and old man like he is a young child. She only does and says what Petruchio wants her to do, but Shakespeare shows she is happy and content like this. At the end of the play Katherine tells the other wives how to be a good obedient wife. Of course this is only done on Petruchio command. She tells the other woman that they are bound to serve, love and obey. The independent Katherine of earlier scenes has been taken over completely by this humble wife, and Petruchio shows his pleasure by giving her a kiss.  The change was credible, especially if the taming scenes are taken into account. We know that Katherine is speaking the truth in the final speech as she has previously said that she always speaks her mind truthfully. This means that she believes in everything she says in the final speech and she has truly changed.

Guidelines For Students For Maintaining Mental Health

Guidelines For Students For Maintaining Mental Health If you still cannot find a solution†¦ How To Maintain Good Mental Health If You Are A Fresher? If you are a fresher, you have probably read many articles and watched videos on how great it could be to start a new chapter of your life. So you might already picture the life in the university. You leave your home maybe for the first time for a long time, pack your belongings, sit in the car and unpack them in your new home that will be your place of living for the next few years. You will meet a bunch of new people and maybe make new good friends. Anyway, you will be constantly surrounded by young people that are just like you in the new surroundings. Of course, there will be a lot of studying and discoveries. You will be free to arrange your time as you wish to paint it to education and fun as well. But there is also a possibility that you will not have the expected fun. The truth is that often the reality does not meet our expectations. Young students, instead of spending time on parties with friends, sometimes may isolate themselves from others and spending free time missing home. They also may suffer from the fact that the educational process is not as fascinating as they expected. We do not want to scare you with this article. Young people after leaving home and starting hard studying want to make these years full of discoveries, impressions, and memories. But the reality is that often it takes time to adjust to the new environment and find your place in the new place and circumstances. It may require a few months or more. Or the case may be the opposite. The start of your new life will be great and careless, but with November comes you may face a serious crisis connected with numerous tasks, strict deadlines etc. And this is the moment many students get shocked because of the drastic difference between the start and the actual educational process. But we want to reassure you that having problems on the starting stages of your university life is completely normal. And you are not the first who face this and you will be able to overcome everything as well. We have prepared some tips for you to help with this challenge. You are not alone! Many freshers suffer from the disappointing reality when they got surrounded by people and things that are not as funny and inspiring as they considered from the various sources of information. They have planned to enjoy the best years of their life but in fact, they do not have any pleasure at all. They may feel like being betrayed, especially when they see other students enjoy the same things. If you have found yourself in a similar situation, the first thing for you to keep in mind – you are not alone in your feelings. You are surrounded by various events and different people. So it is okay if someone’s attitude will differ from yours. You may be focused on people who genuinely enjoy their lives in the new environment, but there are also students who suffer from anxiety and experience the same emotional problems as you do. Such conditions may be caused by various aspects starting with relationships with your roommate and tuning your social life and ending with trying to keep up with curriculum and other educational challenges. The thing is there are many freshers who may feel lonely and left out so you are not alone in this struggle. It is a very big thing for young people to leave their homes and start living close to complete strangers without any support or communication they got used to in their hometown. This experience may have a completely unpredictable effect on the human mind. Sometimes students, who were not socially activities in their previous lives, change drastically. They estimate the new surroundings as the opportunity to create a new image and to reinvent their personality. So they even might turn into extroverts. But for students, who have had plenty of friends in their hometown and their reputation made people wanting to become friends and spend time together, building new relationships may be hard. They got used to attention and communication that have built for years. But in the new environment, they do not experience the required level of attention. They might feel lost realizing they need to start everything over. In the first weeks at university, you will meet plenty of new people, maybe more than you have ever met for such a short period of time. This might be one of the most socially intense periods of your life. Many students will agree with this statement. You need to realize that if your feelings of loneliness and disorientation start turning into more serious mental conditions without getting better, you need to look for help. But it is fine if you feel uncomfortable for a while during the adaptation time. This is a normal reaction to the discovery that some aspect of student life is more difficult in reality than you expected. Do not push yourself to have fun if you do not feel like a party. Constant pressure that you need to have fun and keep up with the educational process will lead only to the growing anxiety. Give yourself a break.   Look for support from your friend to feel more comfortable If you have friends from school or at least of the same age as yours, you may feel like calling them for support. But hearing they have so much fun in the new environment can make you feel even lonelier. However, they likely face similar difficulties with assimilating in the new university environment as well. But you can mistakenly assume that they are too busy to communicate with you. Eventually, you can lose touch with them as it is natural that you both will have to spend time on building new connections and overcoming new challenges. But if your friendship is strong enough, even without constant communication you can support each other in the troubles of university life. Do not hesitate to call them. Share your feelings with a close person. Ask them whether they have faced the same issues and how they have dealt with them. You may receive useful guidelines that will help you in your struggle. Also knowing that your friend also tries to overcome new environment challenges may help you to fight loneliness as you will have a person who understands you completely in your struggle. You may be afraid to admit that student times have started less colorful. But sharing your feelings with a close friend will help you to free your soul. If your friends are lucky enough to have a fascinating college life, you may visit them to seek for inspiration. This may give you positive energy to walk through hard times having a vision of the future. You will have more confidence that everything will be much better with time. This attitude will lower the pressure of the situation and you will definitely feel better. Take time There are many events in the university during the first weeks of the year that are aimed at providing freshers with an opportunity to get to know each other better and make new friends. This can be a great opportunity to expand your communication circle and find people with similar interests. Clubs and societies can serve a great deal as well. Do not hesitate to meet someone for coffee or drinks to have a conversation and maybe to start building a long-time friendship. Usually, freshers do not reject such invites as they also are interested in making new friends. But in case you do not feel comfortable with this way of assimilation, do not force yourself. Take it easy and do not expect to meet your future BFF on the first day of university. Take time and let events evolve naturally. University is a long road and you do not have to walk it all at ones. The first week may be difficult but with time you will notice that there are some people around you and they build connections with each other by having common tasks, interests, and places for going out. Some students may have plenty of â€Å"friends† but in fact, they will just have a selection of humans to spend time with. So you can choose to stay in your room and to refresh your mind, paying time for your favorite activities etc. You can also call your mum or close relative to share your thoughts and events of the day. Going to university you make the first step towards adult life and one of the greatest things about it is that you will be free from the peer pressure. You will be able to choose what to do, when and why as this is your life and only your choices matter to you. So you are free to decide whether to go out or not, make new friends or enjoy solitude etc. Do not force yourself to search for connections. The best way to socialize is when you want it and feel comfortable with this. You will find people you will be comfortable being around eventually, so there is no need to rush the events. University’s effect on mental health We should not underestimate the effect of the first week at the university on the mental help of the freshers. Often this is the time when their anxiety grows. So this is the reason to calm yourself if you feel anxious as you now know that almost everyone in your group has the same feelings. Usually, this type of anxiety does not last long and you will feel better with time. But if your bad condition will last longer and without any positive changes, this may lead to more serious problems like depression. Problems with mental health are very common and disturbing in US universities as well as in educational institutions all over the world. The anxiety may be caused by financial problems, curriculum pressure, worries about your future career and other factors that lead to mental crisis. According to some reports, 1 of 4 students suffers from mental issues during their studying at the university. Considering this data, there are high chances you will face some issues as well on this stage of your life. This is almost impossible to avoid any mental difficulties when you drastically change your living environment. If this is not about you, then someone you know may be in the group of risk. The main point of this passage is that when you notice there something happens with your mental condition after you start your education, you do not have to feel like you are crazy or something. On the contrary, you are the average student who has to overcome average difficulties. But you still need to monitor your conditions and check whether it is within regular parameters or you suffer for too long and need some professional help. How to tell the difference between a bad mood and depression? Mental health is an important thing and you need to monitor your conditions and seek help in case something in your brain make you worry. However, you need to understand that human emotions include sadness as well as the ability to express sadness as well as happiness is also a sign of your mental stability. You may have plenty of reasons to feel sad and this is a part of our life. We can miss our friends and family, be upset because of some failures or difficulties in studying or working. Feeling sad does not mean you suffer from depression. If you can find the definite reasons why you’re feeling sad, you are within a norm. But what is the depression then and how to detect this condition? In simple words, the professional psychologists explain this condition as a constant feeling of sadness without definite triggers or reasons. This is the main difference between a bad mood and depression. An article in Psychology Today we may find a wider explanation: Depression is an unusual condition, may also be considered as a mental illness that chronically affects a person’s emotions, thoughts, perceptions, and actions. Depression makes us feel sad whether have we a decent reason for that or not. This condition may appear even without any noticeable events or circumstances and the person does not always experience some serious losses or problems before depression as it often may appear without any obvious triggers. Objectively the life of the person with depression may be fine (and the patients even admit this), but bad feelings will haunt the anyway. If you notice that you constantly feel sad even if there are no obvious reasons for that and even if your life is fine in all aspects but you still cannot enjoy it – there are high chances you suffer from depression. You can use the checklist of symptoms of depression from Psychology Today to monitor your condition and minimize risks of digging deeper into your mental issues. If you have checked more than five symptoms from the list below, you may be in depression: most of the time you feel depressed and everything can irritate you; you lose interest in the activities that you liked or enjoyed before; you have noticed changes in your weight or appetite; you have difficulties with falling asleep or waking up and you sleep longer than it is required for the normal brain functioning; your actions are slowed down or you cannot rest for a long time; you feel tired and have a lack of energy most of the time; you constantly feel worthless and guilty; you have troubles with focusing on things, the lack of concentration, inability to create and make decisions; you often have thoughts about suicide or just do not want to live. If you found that this checklist applies to your condition, ask for professional help as soon as possible. Students usually neglect their mental conditions and do not ask for help. That is why there are a lot of self-harm and suicide cases among students. Where to seek for help For most students, it is hard even to admit that they suffer from serious mental condition and that they need professional help. But the next challenge is finding the place where they can find that help. Usually, it is more difficult to find a place where you can address your mental issues comparing to physical problems. So students, even if they have admitted they have problems, cannot identify the place they can go with their problems. That is why we have collected some options you may use in case you seek for help or some of your friends or mates does. University counselling services Usually, universities provide students with numerous services and counseling. They often hire qualifies counselors and psychologists to provide students with professional help or at least checking service. And this can be the place where you can get qualified advice considering your mental health. In some universities, such help can be provided by other students that can be even more effective as they have faced the same difficulties of assimilation a year or even less ago. This option allows students to feel more informal without visiting special offices whether they might feel like crazy. But the friendly peer conversation may be really helpful. You can check the university website and see what resources and services are provided for students. Personal tutor To make it easier to adjust to university life, most universities assign a personal tutor to each student. The level of the care they provide may vary depending on the educational institution, but anyway, this is one of the options for providing help for freshers. Sure thing, the significant part is played by the relationships you will have with your tutor. And if you are lucky to find a common tongue, you can share your feelings and worries in a friendly conversation, especially if you have any mental worries. Your tutor may help you directly or advise to talk to someone who will more likely help you. Your GP It is okay if you do not feel like sharing your worries, especially connected with mental illnesses, as you have changed your doctor after moving in. But if you suffer from serious problems and cannot cope with them on your own, you need professional help and the doctor is one of the most suitable people for providing it. Despite the fact that your GP is not specialized on mental issues, he or she will be able to define the service that will suit your need the most. They also may prescribe you some medications to ease your condition. This is the place where you can get a doctor’s note to justify your missing classes, exams etc. Online self-help In case you cannot make yourself talk to professional or other people, you can try to find a solution online. There are numerous websites and resources where you can share your concerns and discuss your mental problems. We refer now to the services like Student Minds, the NHSs Moodzone, and Students Against Depression. The Samaritans This is the place where you can find immediate help if you feel too depressed and you worry about your life. This is a 24-hour service that can be reachable anytime and any day. You can call there for free on 116 123 and find a person to talk to and discuss your worries in your head. You can rely on receiving a sincere help, advice and simple a shoulder to cry on. You can tell what you worry about the most and even find a solution to the most concerning issues. London Nightline This is another British service that is aimed at helping students with their issues. The service is available via the phone or live chat. They are available at night hours between 6 pm and 8 am, to close the gap when other services do not work. You can call there using 020 7631 0101 or text on 07717 989 900. Also, Skype, IM and email options are available. The contact info can be found on the website. Nightline has well-trained volunteers-counselors who want to help students and provide valuable advice to make it easier to overcome years of studying. They offer a sympathetic ear and a shoulder to cry on. You also can be sure that your communication will be strictly confidential. What about my classes? You need to realize that your health, both physical and mental. Are of the main priority and you need to put them in the first place anytime you feel seriously sick or depressed. Do not try to keep up with your educational plan ignoring your mental issue. You risk getting more serious conditions if not fix the current slight depression etc. Extensions to assignment deadlines If you feel anxious due to having many deadlines, you become less able to complete the task properly eventually. So you can make everything even worth by trying to keep up with deadlines even if you are mentally exhausted. So try to ask your tutor to extend your deadline to provide you with the opportunity to recover and have some rest (physical and emotional). A doctor’s note can help to prove that you do not fake your condition and you really need help. Usually, tutors and professors try to be sympathetic to students, especially the freshers so you can rely on their understanding. Apply to defer or retake exams If your mental condition makes it impossible to pass current exams or you are strongly sure that your bad results were caused by mental issues, you can request for deferral. If you really can explain why you ask for re-talking, you will likely be provided with this opportunity. Moreover, if you observe that you constantly perform badly on your exams even if you know the topic or subject, you need to check your general mental condition as this may be one of the signs of depression. Do not waste your time expecting that everything will be fixed somehow without any actions from your side. Make it possible to provide an explanation and proofs that your mental health affects your exam performance. After this, you will be allowed to retake the exam without any penalties. Do not take no for an answer Universities are obliged to pay attention to the mental conditions of their students. So if you face some unsympathetic attitude to your emotional problems, you can address to the students’ union and receive the proper help, assistance etc. If you still cannot find a solution†¦ Take some rest. Take a break and move back home for a while. Or you can travel to some other places to relax and change the environment. This is a great opportunity to revise your life plans and goals. Maybe you will find out that you do not want to dedicate yourself to the university to the extent you did before. Or you just took too much on your shoulders and a few months off may become a solution. The main statement of this article is that you should not be ashamed of mental conditions you may suffer from. You will show you strength if you will try to fix it.